It sounds like the "orange box" you're referring to is the AirPlay icon which is used to select between available audio outputs (AirPlay, Bluetooth, or iPhone). However, this icon only appears if you have a paired device in the vicinity of your iPhone. If there is no wireless device to connect to, then there is no such icon and the iPhone will only play from its speaker or a connected headphone output (and no icon to choose between these two).
I realize that you said your car does not support Bluetooth, but is it possible that you have (or had) a Bluetooth headset or hands-free speaker that your iPhone was paired to? If so, in order to see that icon you'd have to maybe re-pair your iPhone with it, and of course have it on and in the car.
I don't know what you could have been selecting other than that, but in any case if you have connected through the headphone jack and you're not getting any output, it is possible that you have a hardware problem, or possibly an iOS installation problem that requires a Reset or Restore of your iPhone.