Hello Pierre,
I'm trying to install windows on my external usb3/uasp drive since months. I follow many tutorials like yours to achieve this, but in the end never get my macbook air 2015 to boot from the external drive. So, here is my question about the formating: you create only one ntfs partition and don't precise what kind of table you use. So, how did it work for you ? I got the following experience: I must have a GPT partition scheme and an EFI partition to be able to see my external drive on the macbook. With MBR scheme, it doesn't work, as well as having only one partition like you.
But in the end, even if I see my drive as an "EFI boot" while pressing on "alt" on startup, I never had anything else than a black screen. Then, the macbook would start on the internal hard drive.
I must add that I got a windows 7 physical machine, with an usb3 port and that I can boot on windows 10 with your partition schema and formating from it. It doesn't work with windows 7, but I think it has something to do with usb3 drivers. This machine recognize my drive as an internal drive, which is awesome because it work in SCSI mode (UASP).
I miss something maybe with my macbook. Have you any idea ? I think it has something to do with the ability, at firmware level of my macbook to boot on external usb3 drives. Is there any way to have a look in the firmware of the macbook air I have ? Modify something ?