Just an update from my end (original poster). Tried again last night, disabled sleep mode during the download. Download still only took a few minutes since I have Comcast Extreme 105. But for some reason, this time, the installation was successful. Writing this on my new 10.9 installation.
I also ran Memtest as another poster suggested. My onboard RAM is full of errors. I am actually bringing it into the Apple store to be sent out for repairs at the end of the week. I am positive that this has something to do with the download. Something with whatever verification or ram-caching routine they use as part of that step in the installation fails due to bad memory. So if you suspect you have bad memory, then just run Memest, get a report, and if you have failures, address those issues before you reinstall.
I wish everyone good luck with their installs, and I really hope that Apple Support is paying attention to this thread. This is a serious, unaddressed issue by their KB articles and support forums. And anyone with a Mac under warranty, particularly those with Retina Pros like mine with onboard memory, are going to need a service call to fix the memory prior to installing OSX 10.9.