I tried all the "fixes" - nothing worked. Scaling wasn't a solution. 1280x1024 SwitchRexsX gave me a blurry screen that was a lower resolution the monitor showed before. a fuzzy 1920x1084 I was on the phone for hours talking with several Apple support people - all of them said they never heard of this problem (until I had them look at this thread).
Dec 31, 2013 I brought home my brand new $3k 2013 MacPro, only to find that when I connected it to my lovely HP LP30665 30" monitor either the "Best for disply" or "Scaled" resolution was 1280x1024. My icons were the size of a baseball. There are only 3 DVI ports on the monitor, so HDMI wasn't an option. I purchased a DVI/mini DisplayPort adapter to use with my existing DVI/DVI cable - gave me a resolution of 1280x1024. I purchased a DVI/mini DisplayPort 6' cable - gave me a resolution of 1280x1024.
But finally after 2 months I have the resulotion back that I use to have on my 2012 MacPro of 2560x1600!!
Solution:
Purchased a real DVI/DVI/ Dual-Link Cable (I thought I purchased one before, even though it had 24 pins it appearantly either wasn't a real Dual-Link or it was faulty). I ended up with the $10.00 BlueRigger 6' DVI/DVI/ Dual-Link cable (can be seen on Amazon). Secondly, I purchased an Apple Mini DisplayPort to Dual-Link DVI Adapter...for a whopping price of $99.00 (from the Apple store).
AND IT WORKS! 2560x1600 It seems that having Dual-Link is the solution. I'm not sure if this is a solution for everyone but it could be worth a try - I know Apple won't be able to assist. And if it doesn't work, Apple has a 14 day return policy. good luck