I believe I have a reliable workaround (if not an explanation) for this phenomenon on (at least) the 13" 2013 Haswell MacBook Airs.
In brief: After booting from scratch, the first time (only) that you suspend the Air, make sure there are no headphones plugged in. Simple as that.
When you revive the laptop after you first suspend, the sound will work reliably -- but only if there were no headphones plugged in the first time you suspended it. Strangely, you can then leave the headphones plugged in during subsequent suspends and sound will return reliably.
To test, do a clean reboot, log in, and confirm that you can hear sound. Close the lid without headphones plugged in and reopen the laptop and log in. Confirm that you can still hear sound. Plug in your headphones (or don't) and suspend again, then reopen the computer and log in. Confirm that you can still hear sound. Sound should stick around reliably until you next reboot, upon which you'll need to do the "close without headphones plugged in" operation once to ensure reliable sound.
Contrarily, do a clean reboot, log in, and confirm that you can hear sound. Close the lid with headphones plugged in and reopen the laptop and log in. Confirm that you can not hear sound. From here on out, whether headphones are plugged in or not when you suspend, sound will not work until you reboot the laptop.
These scenarios work 100 percent of the time for me. Of course, if your loss of sound has a different cause, or perhaps if you have some different setting configured (settings that I have not accounted for in my tests) this may not work for you. But it seems pretty reliable to me.
All this said, hey, Apple. Fix it!