zigg1's story got me thinking...
I realized that since installing a fresh copy of Mavericks I had not yet BT paired to anything other than my Apple keyboard and trackpad. Before the fresh install, I had had my (newish) Sony Soundbar as another (sometimes used) BT device. In fact, I realized, I had the Sony Soundbar paired to both rMBPs that developed this WiFi problem (after upgrade to Mavericks).
I wondered if I paired to that whether all my problems might come back....
So I paired to the Soundbar, and the problem came back!
After four days of no problems whatsoever, simply pairing to my Sony Soundbar immediately brought my WiFi issues back full force.
Worse, I removed the Soundbar in BT prefs, deleted the BT preferences file, and restarted, and the problem remained!
So, like zigg1, it seems that as long as I am BT paired to only my Apple KB and Trackpad all is fine. As soon as I pair to anything else, I get the problem with the WiFi connection after sleep and restart.
Even worse, removing the BT prefs file and restarting did not fix problem.
So, there I was installing Mavericks from scratch, AGAIN...sheesh!
Now I'm back to a problem-free machine...I think/hope.
UPSHOT:
I can't pair to my Sony Soundbar without causing this WiFi connection problem to rear its ugly head. The problem remains even if the Soundbar is not in use. The problem remains even after I completely remove the Soundbar in BT prefs and delete the BT prefs file. Not being able to use (via BT) my Sony Soundbar with my computer is a real bummer.
I'm thinking that this is actually the root of the problem: There is a problem in the way Mavericks deals with BT for (some) non-Apple devices and this then somehow compromises the WiFi connecting normally after sleep and restart--the problem centrally under discussion in this thread.