I can't believe the amount of misleading "advice" I am reading on this forum. I have precisely the same problem (except that I have a Hitachi Travelstar 250GB). It stopped working with Mac OSX the day I upgraded to Mavericks (worked fine with Mountain Lion).
https://discussions.apple.com/thread/5953119
This drive is currently inaccessible from Mavericks (the LED lights up but no disk activity occurs and Disk Utility shows nothing). It works perfectly well with my old Snow Leopard machine, the latest Ubuntu installation on my desktop and a friend's Windows 8 machine.
The problem is inescapably Mavericks. Nothing else. Period.
Unhepfully telling people to suspect hardware issues when the problem so clearly started with an OS upgrade and doing the OSX version of Windows-droids' "reboot and pray" dance is wrong.
Put bluntly, an Apple software engineer messed up the USB mass-storage code (the less charitable version of this involves forced obsolescence in cahoots with hardware manufacturers), and we are expected to pay for that nonsense.
Isn't the first time and won't be the last time, but be honest for heaven's sake.