Hi Christopherblahblahblah,
In the process of trying to fault find and after we had tried some other possible solutions, the Mac support guy asked me to hold down Shift, Control, Option, Power. (hold down shift, control, option at the same time then hold down the power while still holding the other keys down)
The mac appeared to turn off. I switched back on again. From memory I think I was asked to do this process twice. We couldn't replicate the issue after that so it was assumed that this corrected the issue.
As I understand it, I believe it is meant to reset power distribution including usb a bit like flicking a trip switch on a power circuit breaker.
I did have the issue again a few weeks later and I did this power reset again (but only once) and all appeared to come good again. My process has been if USB items don't work after switching my laptop of and on again then I do this power reset. My laptop is generally plugged into an external monitor via HDMI and my USB powered hub most of the time.
Something else worth mentioning; when my laptop is charging, if I move my fingers across the metal body next to the trackpad it feels "textured" when removing the power cable from the laptop it goes smooth. It's like the charge is going through the actual body! I sometimes get small shocks from the body of the laptop when it is charging and my arm is resting on the corner of the laptop. None of this happens though when the laptop is either unplugged or plugged in and fully charged with the green light. Perhaps it is related but not sure. I have spoken to someone at work about the shock thing and he noticed it from time to time on his mac.
Hope this helps and I would be interested to know if anyone else gets these little shocks.