I too have this problem.
I'm in Singapore and I have a 100mbs cable line. I get 100mbps when connected by ethernet and about 40mbps wirelessly (thanks to a useless cable/modem from Starhub).
Netflix in computer browser via ethernet - 3000kbps
Netflix app on iPad, right next to modem/router - 1050
Netflix app on Apple TV, connected via ethernet to modem/router - 1050
Those are the best speeds I've ever got.
The common denominator here is the Netflix app. Whether connected wirelessly via iPad or via ethernet and Apple TV, I get a rubbish speed.
What is also mystifying is why I can't get the full 5800kbps or whatever the top speed is supposed to be when connecting my computer directly to my modem. Could that be traffic shaping by my ISP? Or even via Netflix - it was peak time in the US when I did my tests. Maybe Netflix limited my max speed to 3000 and my wireless network which is rubbish further degrades the potential bandwidth?
I would also like to add that the movie trailer channel on Apple TV works in HD, though Sky News does not. That again works at around 560kbps - it's basically unwatchable as it's so blocky.