No. Sorry. But when such a large voltage mismatch occurs, it will destroy your entire IPhones internal charging and regulating system! Not just your battery. Every mobile "smart" device running at 5 volts internally has its own built in charging circuitry. The charging circuitry is inside your phone. It is NOT in your wall charger. Think of your wall charger simply as a "power source". The iPhone has the charging circuits built inside of it. The wall charger is just a "dumb" power source. The iPhone dictates how much power to draw and when to draw it, from the wall charger.
Like you may have a 30 amp electric line. If you plug in a small light bulb it doesn't use the whole 30 amps right?
So somehow one of your voltage adapters "failed" thereby burning out the phones entire circuitry. It is dead. Its not just an issue of the battery. Right?