abstert's fix worked for me on 3 computers.
I imaged three MBs (Intel Core 2Duo, 2GB RAM, Model MacBook6,1, manufacture date 10/20/09) via Deploy Studio (I'm a school tech in a large school district). The image on all three nearly completed but erred, and did not finish sending out the last packages (sent the logs to our engineers already to fix). I'm not sure why it erred, since it was a good image before.
As I was tweaking the computers (binding them to Active Directory, etc) and getting them ready to give to our users, I was just about finished but decided to update the browsers, as this seems to help with sluggishness experienced after upgrading to 10.9. Firefox went just fine, but on each computer, when I did Chrome (I had to download Chrome again because it was too out of date to update itself), the Unapproved Caller message started popping up. I then couldn't do much of anything to try to fix it without the error - I couldn't send the old Chrome to the trash; I couldn't even delete the recommended files.
Here is what I had to do:
- Hard shut down the computer (hold the power button)
- Log in with a local user account (I could not log in with my AD account)
- Finder>Go: /var/folders/ and delete those folders as suggested
- Reboot computer (but just before I hit the Restart key, I noticed another folder in the Folders folder (wow - that's a mouthful!), so I deleted again for safety sake)
I was again able to log into my network account and finish all the needed tasks (like download Chrome).
After all the troubleshooting I went through, they fixed the image and I had to reimage again, and repeat all the special tweaks. But this time it finished without errors, and, I assume, without the unnecessary folders in /var/folders/. But I had to at least let others know that this fix worked for three of mine, and it sounds similar to others' issues having upgraded or done something to their disk that might have not deleted those havoc-wreaking folders.
Here are some notes for others if the above simple fix doesn't work: Regarding using a Thunderbolt cable to target-disk into - even though your computer may have a display port that fits the Thunderbolt cable, if it doesn't have the lightening symbol on it, it may not be a Thunderbolt port. This is true in the earlier unibody MBPs, and the white MBs that sold without the option of having Firewire. So that could also be a reason for not getting the Target disk symbol upon T-boot of the machine.
Also, if you try using a OS cd and can't get it to eject, holding down the mouse (or track pad) on start-up generally ejects the disk.
Thanks, abstert, for you advice.