Your problem is that you don't know how to use your Mac. There is no requirement on you to use iPhoto, Photos (and they're entirely different application, by the way) if you don't want to. If you use Image Capture (in the Applications Folder), then you can choose to move photos from your phone to anywhere you choose.
So, no, it's not 'like mac want to make sure I never use any other software apart from their own', it's just that you don't know how to use your Mac. Even if you do use these apps there is no requirement for you to print anything via Apple, you can choose any service you want - or even just print things yourself. Again, your confusion is because you don't know how to use your Mac.
No one here can tell you where your photos are if you don't tell us how you go them from your phone in the first place. If you used iPhoto or Photos (because you didn't know how to use your Mac) then simply export the Originals from those libraries. See? Not difficult at all.