Plugging in an external keyboard, the external keyboard works without any issue.
I have a very simple theory, an electronic component either functions or has failed. Practically speaking, there is no "in between". If a light bulb, a hard drive or a motherboard fails, the only acceptable corrective action is replacement. At the moment, my internal keyboard is functioning perfectly. Further as noted in an earlier post, Apple did a full hardware test and found no issues with the keyboard.
Another theory, Mountain Lion released July 2012 added a feature to show optional accented letters by pressing and holding a key. This replaced the "repeat key" feature. I didn't realize this change had occurred until recently, but it was confusing. Holding down a key (sometimes one that didn't work) brought up the accent letter display, but when pressing the space (bar) key it repeated as I expected all keys were supposed to work.
Therefore holding down a temporarily inoperative key did nothing, until the error was apparently cleared and the accent key display appeared. Although I didn't make the connection, all keys then functioned perfectly...for a while (keyboard acting up again, very sporadic).
Between then and the latest update, I read about newer Macbooks having issues with a frozen track pad and/or keyboard. (example-http://www.techradar.com/us/news/mobile-computing/laptops/apple-fesses-to-keyboa rd-and-trackpad-freezes-on-some-new-macb…) Digging further, I also found a "workaround" suggestion in the Support section. Restart using Command+Option+P+R but remain holding down the keys until the restart cycles 5 (maybe 4) times. That seemed to do the trick, but after 10.11.3. it did not help.
It was at this point I realized the change in Mountain Lion to show accent letters rather than repeat key presses. More searching I came up with this article explaining how to revert to "repeat" mode and how to reset to accent letter default. (http://osxdaily.com/2011/08/04/enable-key-repeat-mac-os-x-lion/). Making this change to repeat mode has had moderate success.
So my conclusion remains there is/are one or more "background operations" creating the delay in accepting a keystroke, and that once the "operation(s)" completes its/their cycle(s) all works properly.
One additional item that came up yesterday is if I opened up Preferences>Accessibility, then select Keyboard in the LH selection area, then bring up "Show Keyboard Viewer", I can press and/or hold all the "supposedly non functioning keys" on my "supposedly broken keyboard" and hear audible feedback and view a darkened key image according to the key presses. After closing that all down I can still have inoperative keys.
Driving me nuts!!