I had this issue too. Had a 5S with iOS8 and it worked fine but got a 128GB iPhone 6 and restored from the backup and it stopped working, just showing "Battery information will be available after using iPhone for a few minutes".
I did what deelan suggested and it worked. Drained the battery until it turned off at 0%. Then plugged it in and charged to 100% overnight, the phone turned on whilst charging, I even used it a bit. The next morning the battery usage section started working after I got down to about 97%.