don't worry, you're not alone 😟
i'm running 2 macs ( macbook pro ) identically set up and upgraded yesterday
while on one machine all is working as expected i have exactly the same weird behavior you brought up here on the other machine.
arrange by name in column view would not sort correctly while on the other machine it does.
so this is one of the worst kind of bugs if it's either intermittent or not across all users and devices the same. there will be many answers of the likes
you got first from people who don't have the issue like myself on one machine ( 2 meters appart, same network, all same )
however sooner or later there will be more users encountering the issue and therefore it will be taken care of hopefully, just bad that i depend on finder
order because file structures are an integrated part of the work which i do for my customers. for now the only way is to switch to list view where all is normal
and go back to column view when the task is done.
further want to mention that folders are on the bottom where alphabetical ordering fails while on the other machine folders are in their alpha-numeric place like
they always were.
also further it's not unimportant that among folders the order is correct while only the files don't arrange correctly beside the fact that files come first on the
malfunctioning system.
what i'll try is to download the update again and re-install, but only after trying out a few other things first