Excellent suggestion! My MBP late 2011 also got stuck at 50%. Because at some point it started backing up judging by the noise my attached USB external drive was making i figured that the machine was actually up and running and only the display was frozen. Most likely having to do with mismatched video driver / system caches or PRAM settings. I managed to fix it without actually force shutting down. I was lucky that its WiFi was already connected and remote login (sshd) had been enabled (system preferences / sharing). I logged in from my ipad using my favorite ssh/terminal app, and issued the following three commands:
sudo rm -rf /Volumes/Macintosh\ HD/private/var/db/BootCache*
sudo rm -rf /Volumes/Macintosh\ HD/Library/Caches/com.apple*
sudo shutdown -h now
This cleaned the system caches and then triggered a clean shutdown giving all running apps a chance to gracefully quit. With the machine off, I disconnected the backup drive. I then reset the PRAM by holding Command-Option-R with the left hand, pushed the power button and immediately hit the P key (while still holding Cmd-Opt-R). The computer played the Apple chime, then restarted.
At this point it sounded like a good idea to scan the system drive for errors, so I entered single user administrative mode by holding Command-S right after the Apple chime. At the command prompt I ran the following command as instructed on screen:
fsck -fy
This took a few minutes but there were no errors. I then restarted the macbook by entering the command:
shutdown -r now
As it went back to the grey screen with the apple logo and the progress bar, the mouse pointer showed up at about 30%, then it stumbled for 10-20 seconds at 50%, and then quickly progressed to 100% and displayed the login screen.
All works great now! Thanks!