On my iMac 27" late 2009, with OSX 10.10.3 installed, I have just encountered this issue for the first time.
An out of memory warning was encountered. Selecting a specific email in the inbox with a PDF attached to it instantly starts chewing up memory, as it attempts to "preview" the PDF attachment, I imagine.
With Activity Monitor active, a "Mail Web Content" process is seen to appear as soon as the email is selected. This process persists indefinitely, chewing up memory in ever increasing amounts. Memory pressure is immediately indicating red as soon as it appears. There is intense disk activity, and everything slows to a crawl. The problem appears to be repeatable.
The "Mail Web Content" process has to be selected and force-quit in Activity Monitor in order to bring things back to normal. I also had Activity Monitor take a "sample" of the offending process, and that sample has been saved. The PDF attachment to the email does not appear to cause a problem for non-Mac users, who can view and print the PDF's content without consequence. No one has reported seeing any malware alert (I have Sophos home edition installed). So I am guessing it is just a memory leak specific to Apple's PDF rendering software.
It is certainly a debilitating problem when it occurs. If forwarding the Activity Monitor sample of the "Mail web content" process, or the triggering PDF, would help to solve this issue, let me know.