Here is what a new message window shows for me - it doesn't have a From: field either. Don't recall if it ever has, but never really noticed this bit of detail. The messages always get thru, so didn't ever think it a problem.
I don't see anything titled "Message Attributes" so assume you are talking about the function the View menu serves rather than anything exlicitly in that View menu.
What version of the Mail are you using (click on the "Mail" menu then the "About Mail" to see the version.
Here is what a new message window looks like on my Mail 8.1 app (no From field):

And here is what the View menu shows on my Mail 8.1 app (the From on the right menu applies to Main mail window not new messages):

Is this what you see or something different? So please attach an image of what you see so I can understand exactly what you are referring to.