So here's a couple workouts that I've done:
- Cycling 1 - 278 active calories, 79 resting calories, duration 38:41
- Cycling 2 - 590 active calories, 149 resting calories, duration 1:13:48
- Cycling 3 - 782 active calories, 225 resting calories, duration 1:50:28
So now to compare those numbers against calculators that estimate calories:
- Cycling 1 - Apple: 357. Calculator: 368 (3% difference)
- Cycling 2 - Apple: 739. Calculator: 698 (6% difference)
- Cycling 3 - Apple: 1007. Calculator: 1038 (3% difference)
So that seems pretty consistent. Apple tends to return a little lower overall total calorie burn but it's within a few percent of the totals I get elsewhere. Also the app I'd previously used for calculating calorie burn when cycling is consistent with the online calculators (i.e. it's combining active and resting calories).
The calculation seems to have me burning about 2.05 calories per minute at rest which would mean I'd burn 2952 calories/day. Looking at the move section of the activity app, I see it's showing an average resting burn rate of around 2900 calories/day. When I go online to find a calorie burn calculator that incorporates an estimation of activity level, it matches quite well. So here you can see your BMR if you don't move at all, and how it is affected by your level of activity: http://www.bmrcalculator.org/
So for me, the base BMR came back as 1862/day. That number means what my calorie burn would be if I literally stayed in bed all day and didn't move. But the watch is assuming I have some moderate exercise (which is true). So based on that the number comes back as 2886, which is right in the ballpark of what the watch is estimating.
The reality is that this is all a pretty complicated interplay of how our bodies work. If you don't move at all, the number is simple. When you exercise regularly, not only do you have the calories burned from exercising, but you also have the calories burned from maintaining your body being increased. So if you are moderately active, even if on a given day you sat on the couch all day, you'd still burn more than your BMR suggests because your body is still keeping all that muscle mass, etc. It would shift over time. Also, this is why weight lifting can be beneficial to weight loss (it ups your maintenance calorie burn).
The question in my mind is how the watch adjust this over time. Does it detect my activity level and adjust my resting calorie burn accordingly. If I become more active does the number go up? If I become less active does it go down? Not sure...