@yearzero1 (and everyone else who has issues with missing covers in iTunes Match / iCloud Music): I have found a solution to restoring covers that are missing in the cloud (but are present in my iTunes "master" library). I took a close look at all the albums that were missing covers, and I noticed that all of them (if memory serves) were not added automatically after I imported the respective albums into iTunes, but I got them by choosing "Get Album Artwork" from the context menu in iTunes.
So I did the following test: I identified a couple of albums that were missing their covers in the cloud (by looking at the Music app on my iPad). Next, in my master library (which shows covers with all albums), I navigated to those albums in Album View and, one by one, right-clicked on the album, chose Get Info, and then added a JPEG file of the album cover manually (I gleaned the JPEG through an online search). Next, I chose File > Library > Update iCloud Music Library... and voila, the missing album covers appeared in iCloud (but only those covers I had just added anew to my library).
I then went ahead and did this (somewhat time-consuming) chore with all of my other albums that were missing covers in the cloud, and now everything is fine and complete again.
Long story short, there appears to be a bug that prevents cover sync for (some?) albums for which I manually retrieved covers, choosing Get Album Artwork in iTunes. I'll report this back to Apple as a possible bug (I don't know what else it can be, as prior to the June iTunes update and Apple Music introduction, my iTunes Match music library was complete with cover art work across all of my devices; the update messed it up).
I don't experience any of the oddities others have pointed out that appear to have happened since the recent iTunes updates.