MacBook Pro (10.6.8) won't startup, can't repair disk, won't PRAM/safe mode etc
So, I had been getting a warning saying File cannot be saved (-54) while using iTunes the night before last, so I immediately Googled this and found people to say it could be hard drive problems. I immediately ran a check on my hdd using Disk Utility and it said it needed to be repaired. I was in the middle of something so I left it till the morning.
Yesterday morning I started using it, forgetting the previous night's warning, and, after opening iTunes, Mail, Firefox and Photoshop it became slow and a little unresponsive (mainly Firefox, but whatever), so I immediately restarted and used the apple+R option to conduct the disk repair. When I tried to repair the disk it told me it could not and to back up my files and restore. Since this action I have not been able to get back onto my desktop. In fact, when I now turn it on, I get the apple symbol, followed by a grey bar, then the spinning grey wheel, and it turns off after about 45 seconds or less. I have tried the Apple Hardware Test but it always fails at 51 seconds. I tried the more detailed one and that always fails at 10m32s. And I cannot get into safe mode, it just turns off, same for PRAM.
The only way I can get the machine to stay on is to go back into recovery mode, or by holding down C when it starts up as I managed to get the OS disk in. Still, nothing works.
My main problem is I am not backed up. I have resigned myself to the fact the hard drive probably is knackered (it is now 4 years old to the month. Suspicious?), but I don't want to lose my files. I can take it out and use an SATA drive to extract the files, but do I need to?
I spoke at length to Apple yesterday by phone (100 mins goddammit!), and they seem to think I have somehowlost my OS and that restoring my OS won't lose all my files. Or maybe it will. This was literally their conclusion. Does anybody know for sure if I will or won't based on how it is running in its current state?
Any help at all would be appreciated. Apologies if I have left anything out, I did try to be as detailed as possible.
Thanks in advance
MacBook Pro (13-inch Early 2011), Mac OS X (10.6.8), iPhone 4S