Short story: I now have El Capitan running after numerous problems.
BritinUSA's post gave me an idea... though it wasn't going to a coffee shop, it made me think of something else in between the download file and my computer... rather than getting online wirelessly via my Apple Airport, I connected wirelessly but DIRECTLY to my modem and attempted the download again. Basically I bypassed my Apple Airport device. This time, the downloaded file appeared to be complete (no more error that had plagued me 4 times) and started installing...
... then I received an error message that the install had failed. The worst part: I kept getting the "kernel panic" black screen of death... over and over.
I managed to startup in safe mode (holding shift+command+r while restarting) and reattempted the installation. It took an incredibly long time, but worked this time. That was yesterday morning and all seems to be running well -- in El Capitan -- since.
Since people here were helpful in getting me thinking about things to try, I wanted to come back and post what actually worked... however random it might seem!
Thanks all!!