Oh my, oh my... Andy, it looks like I've FINALLY fixed this.
As you might imagine, I had grown rather sick of the whole thing and was just making due with 3 iterations of my calendars and reminders.
Today I sat down and decided to get to the bottom of it.
As it turns out, it appears that this is directly related to an issue that has been plaguing mac users for some time now, through multiple iterations of system software: the dreaded computer renaming fiasco as discussed below.
http://forums.imore.com/os-x-yosemite-10-10/304804-my-computer-name-changing-10- 10-a.html
As I mentioned in a previous post, after a great deal of nosing around I noticed that my computer had renamed itself 3 times, which so happened to be the number of times my calendars and reminders were duplicating themselves.
So, in order to fix things, this is what I did, and it didn't alter or affect my iCloud data at all, so I'm confident in saying this is relatively safe for most folks.
1) I went to System Preferences/iCloud and signed out.
2) I chose to keep Contacts and Keychain Passwords on my machine, but deleted everything else when offered the choice.
3) I confirmed that all iCloud calendars were removed from the Calendar app, and then quit out of it.
4) I then went to iCloud.com, signed into my account from the browser and confirmed under iCloud Settings that my desktop machine had been removed.
5) I then used the "Go To" command to go to... >Library>Preferences>SystemConfiguration Make sure that you are not going to ~/Library/..., but /Library/...
6) Per the instructions at the link above (which was apparently passed along by Mac Tech), I deleted the following files in that folder...
com.apple.airport.preferences.plist
NetworkInterfaces.plist
preferences.plist
(do not worry about removing these as your computer will rebuild them anew when your reboot in step 9 is complete)
7) Then I went to System Preferences/Sharing
8) I changed the name of my computer from Jason's Computer (3) to Jason's Computer.
9) I rebooted my machine and waited until the process was completed.
10) I went to System Preferences/iCloud and signed in, following the on-screen prompts and allowing plenty of time for the services to "do their thing"
11) I then opened Calendar and Reminders and was able to confirm that there was now only one iteration of each calendar and TO DO item.
12) I then quietly cursed aloud in a small showing of celebration and sat back, folding my arms, and enjoyed the view of a Calendar that now worked the way I had hoped it would for the last several months.
I hope that this information proves useful for others who might be suffering from this issue, and again, it will likely only work if your iCloud Data is intact and working properly, but is only misbehaving on certain machines. In my case, as mentioned before, it was working fine on my iPhone, iPad, MacBook and browsers, so the desktop was the weak link in this chain, AND the only computer suffering from the naming issues.
I'm certainly happy to close the chapter on this debacle, but I do want to thank you, AndyatHome for your help throughout. Tossing ideas back and forth inspired me to keep digging and trying new things. I hope you're doing well and Happy New Year!
Jason