You can make the Google.com website into an icon on the dock. It still opens Safari but it will take you straight to Google.
Open Safari and go to Google. Click the tool bar (where the url for Google is), then click and drag the Google "G" icon (rainbow colored G) to the right side of the Dock. You can only put bookmarks/links in the right side of the Dock. You will notice there is a thin vertical line in the Dock. Your link has to be on the right side of that line.
Otherwise you can drag the "G" to the desktop and make a shortcut that way. But if you want to access Google with one click I would use the Dock option.
I know Chrome allows you to install the Chrome App Launcher, which allows you to open all Google Apps, but this requires Chrome. I don't know if there is an alternative for Safari.