Battery drain issues are almost always misbehaving apps. So it is a software problem, but probably not Apple's. If it was a problem with the version you would see many thousands of posts about it, as there were a few years ago when there really was a problem in a release that caused battery drain to about 1% of users. The thread on that subject ended up (before it was locked) with 15,000 posts and 3 million views, at a time when there were only about 1/10 the number of iOS devices that there are today.
There are so many possibilities with over a million apps in the app store I can't enumerate all of them. So the first step is to gather information. You've already had Apple test the battery. Apple's test will detect if the battery has at least 80% of its original capacity. So if it passes that test the battery is OK.
Most of the diagnosis comes from the listing in Settings/Battery. There are 2 things to look at; the apps using the most energy, and the Usage vs Standby numbers at the end of the display when you scroll down.
If usage=standby you have an app that is running continuously in background, never suspending. While on the Home screen double-press the HOME button, then close every app by flicking its screen image up. When all but the Home screen are closed reboot by holding the HOME and SLEEP buttons at the same time until an Apple logo appears.
If the values are not the same you have a very busy app, but one that is doing real work. The first couple of apps at the top of the listing are the ones to study. The most common apps that drain the battery are:
- Facebook
- A Microsoft Exchange email account
- iCloud sync (not backup) for contacts, calendar or notes
If it's Facebook (or any other 3rd party app) try killing the app. Sometimes it will behave after restarting. Otherwise you need to change the settings of what notifications you get
If you have an MS Exchange account and it is using energy try deleting the account, rebooting, and adding it back. There is a long-standing (15 years at least) issue with the Microsoft ActiveSync protocol where it can open multiple sessions that all try to sync at the same time. Microsoft has never fixed it.
Apple's own iCloud sync process can also get stuck if there is an invalid record in the contacts, calendar or notes database on the iCloud server or the corresponding apps in Mac OS X (assuming you use a Mac). Most often it is Calendar. This will show up in the Battery listing as Calendar using a lot of energy. What I have done that fixed it is turn off Calendar in Settings/iCloud for a day, then turn it back on.
This is a start to the troubleshooting process.