This may be useful - it works for me...
I have a mac mini which I access remotely for iOS development. I just "turn it off" with the button after I close VNC client - it goes to sleep actually.
Yesterday I got the same error after reconnecting. But curiously, after reboot I was able to log in.
As if something suddenly prevented me from logging in as the already-logged in user.
As a result I found out that if I log out of the user session prior to disconnecting, I am able to login the next time...
(but the real cause of this is unknown to me)