No Avast here, or any Mail plugin or add-on. I've never run any plugin or add-on with Mail in the past.
I have not seen any crashing or unexpected quits in Mail.
For me, it's not intermittent, every email sent from my Apple ID iCloud account (with iCloud as the sending server) does not show attachments in Mail. The attachments do show if I access the same email in iCloud Mail in Safari. Of course, that requires that the email be in an iCloud mailbox. Emails sent from one of my POP accounts are not affected.
As I detailed above, moving one of the affected emails to the Inbox, then rebuilding the Inbox for my Apple iCloud account will make the attachments show up, but only temporarily.
I remain convinced that this is a bug in macOS Sierra Mail that affects only the display of attachments, and, as far as I've read, only for IMAP accounts.