I've been seeing this problem for a while, backing up an iMac (late 2013 model) to a 2014 3TB Time Capsule. After going through the lengthy but thankfully automated process of creating a new backup several times, I decided that the Time Capsule was probably suffering from a hardware fault and I had better try something else.
I've since added two extra backup devices and now backup to all three using Time Machine. So that's:
1. A directly connected hard drive
2. The 3TB Time Capsule mentioned above
3. A synology NAS device
This has worked flawlessly since September until this week. The Time Capsule is now on its third rebuild of the week. The other backup devices report no errors and appear to be working fine.
The iMac is running High Sierra (10.13.1) and has 16GB memory. It is directly connected to the Time Capsule by Ethernet, not WiFi, and via the Time Capsule and another network switch, to the Synology NAS (gigabit Ethernet).
Annoying.