How do I contact the people who escalate/resolve the account-recovery process?

I'm in limbo -- in the same situation as the folks in this thread: How long did it take to recover your apple id?

My iphone 5s was stolen and I had "2-Factor Authentication" enabled. I don't know my iCloud password and had guessed too many passwords (so now the account is "Locked"). However, I need to regain access to my iCloud to use the "Find My Phone" feature.
I called apple support (multiple times) and talked to the supervisors. Every supervisor and representative have assured me that though my phone is locked (and thus my data is to some degree "safe"), there isn't anything they can do and anyone they can contact to escalate my case -- even though I have evidence readily available to prove my ownership (Purchase receipts from years ago AND the original email they sent me when I had set up the account).

It's been 5 weeks since I've lost my phone and _ALL_ because I'm waiting for the account-recovery process to escalate and for someone who CAN do something about it to get back to me. The longer this takes, the higher the likelihood my phone will end up in the trash or recycled for parts.

So, I feel I'm obliged to ask: is someone actually doing something about my account or is this "account-recovery" process really a farce? If so, how do I contact them to provide them with proof of ownership?