If I delete a message does it delete in form the other persons phone? Can a message be retracted?

You cannot affect the message on the other phone. If you delete it on your phone it does not delete it from the recipients phone.

You cannot retract a deleted message without restoring the entire phone backup and that is assuming that the message is contained in the backup.

You cannot retract any SMS/MMS text nor iMessage. Once sent it is in the hands of the recipient and completely out of your control.

Even with email, you can only retract a message if the recipient (and their server setup) allows you to. Senders do not get to pull back emails once received by someone unless that recipient allows retraction. Once it lands in someone else's inbox, it is not your message anymore, it is theirs, and nobody else can remove it.

Michael Black has explained to you how it works, but I interpreted your question to mean that you wanted to retrieve a delete message. I apologize for reading it incorrectly. You cannot retract the message once sent.