Best way to use Gmail spam filter from within Apple Mail?

I'm using Sierra on my MacBook Pro. I switched a little while back to Gmail for my email service. I finally got it dialed in pretty well, but I would like to easily mark email to be caught by GMail's spam filter so it doesn't even arrive in my InBox.

1) Is there a quick and easy way to do that from within the Mail program? (I know you can do that if you're reading Gmail online from their interface in a browser.) Would that email end up in an Apple Mail junk filter or would it stop before it's ever downloaded to Mail?

2) If it's something I signed up for or an organization I don't dislike, I don't want my marking it as spam to be a black mark against them, so for those, perhaps I should unsubscribe, even though that takes a while, right?

3) I used to use Spam Sieve, but a) I want a spam filter that will catch email not only before it reaches the InBox on my Mac, but also on my iPhone and b) if Gmail has this service anyway, I might as well take advantage of that without adding another layer of software to my computer.

Thanks in advance for your help!