Yes, there are multiple methods to do this. The easiest is to use iCloud to store your documents, when you do this your documents are synced automatically and accessible from either of the machines. You can learn about iCloud by looking over iCloud - Apple.
You can also turn on sharing on both Macs and which allows you to access each machine from the other. For example if you are logged onto the MBP and want to retrieve a document from the iMac you can do that. It's easiest if they are on the same network. Apple explains sharing in How to connect with File Sharing on your Mac - Apple Support