I had this problem, too, with several attempts. Eventually, in App Store a "Software Update" popped up, one that was not there when I originally opened it (App Store). So, rather than pondering solutions to the High Sierra update problem, when it seems even Terminal workarounds aren't working for some, I began downloading the sizable update to El Capitan (nearly 900 Mb). That's taking a while today. Hopefully, I will get around the "recovery server" problem after that. I will try to update here once that happens, or if it doesn't.
WARNING: On another Mac, my primary laptop, I attempted to update to High Sierra in the usual, easy way it has always worked for me, and, for the first time in 30 years of using Macs, I had a system software failure that was disastrous. Stupid me, my backup did not have all my beloved files, and I was stuck without the latest version of my recovery software, and I had work I needed to get done. So I bit the bullet and reconfigured my drive. Oh, that was a mistake. I lost 1,000s of photos, my iTunes structure and ratings, etc, and much more. (So much for trying to be frugal; cost myself time and money.) So, be SURE you have a total and complete backup of the latest versions of all your photos, music, videos, files, user settings, applications, EVERYTHING, before you move to High Sierra. My point is: this UPDATE FAIL never happened to me before with a Mac in nearly 30 years. System updates have always been with ease.