The firewall is doing nothing in a bridged modem.. it is part of the router function and will have no effect if the Apple Extreme is your main router.. and there is no firewall in the airport except NAT.. which is wrongly referred to in some circles as a firewall. it kind of functions in a similar way and does provide protection.
Your security cams will need port forwarding.. which is not easy in the airport.. and the LTE modem must be properly and fully bridged. No double NAT..
Easy to check.. run a traceroute command via terminal to google DNS server. You should see just one private address.. and public thereafter.. two private addresses and you are in trouble.
traceroute 8.8.8.8
traceroute to 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8), 64 hops max, 52 byte packets
1 rt-ac3200-82f0 (192.168.2.254) 1.310 ms 1.053 ms 1.566 ms
2 pmelnxd-lns12.mel.eftel.com.au (203.123.68.177) 19.618 ms 27.539 ms 17.547 ms
3 po-1-353.core1.mel.eftel.com.au (203.123.68.193) 20.258 ms 18.160 ms 17.738 ms
4 203.123.69.134 (203.123.69.134) 19.759 ms 19.319 ms 19.090 ms
5 157.2.148.122.network.m2core.net.au (122.148.2.157) 31.007 ms 30.715 ms 30.306 ms
6 74.125.52.10 (74.125.52.10) 29.765 ms 30.498 ms 29.856 ms
7 108.170.247.65 (108.170.247.65) 30.611 ms
108.170.247.33 (108.170.247.33) 48.042 ms
108.170.247.65 (108.170.247.65) 30.584 ms
8 216.239.56.235 (216.239.56.235) 30.174 ms
216.239.56.239 (216.239.56.239) 30.420 ms
216.239.59.235 (216.239.59.235) 30.311 ms
9 google-public-dns-a.google.com (8.8.8.8) 30.813 ms 30.206 ms 30.220 ms