I also have this issue of file associations constantly changing, in particular Photoshop PSD files try to open in Illustrator and jpeg files to revert back opening in Preview (despite being set to open in Photoshop).
For me it is definitely an issue with Firefox Quantum 58.
As soon as I drag an image file from the browser to the desktop or a folder, for example a JPEG file, then the file association for all JPEGs reverts to Preview.app and PSD files change to Illustrator.app
However, on examining the com.apple.launchservices.secure.plist, it does not appear to get updated, so I am unclear as to where the file association is being changed (or is it stored in a temporary location).
If I trash it and restart com.apple.launchservices.secure.plist everything is OK again.
Is there a temporary location where com.apple.launchservices.secure.plist details are held until they are updated? I was wondering where/if the OS would store the file association change the moment that an image is dragged from the Firefox window?
I haven't tried it yet but I was considering locking down the com.apple.launchservices.secure.plist using the following command in the terminal:
chmod 444 ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.LaunchServices/com.apple.LaunchServices.secure.plist
and to unlock:
chmod 644 ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.LaunchServices/com.apple.LaunchServices.secure.plist
but if the com.apple.launchservices.secure.plist is not actually being changed when the image is dragged out of Firefox I don't see that this will have any affect (I'll report back once I have a chance to test).