I'm sorry but I don't believe any competent Verizon would state Apple "toasted" the phone (update or no update) much less blatantly state obvious, false, and illogical info about the SIM card or the SIM tray.
If you received any info by a rep there that even slightly resembled remarks you stated were said by a rep, you received what is known as "pushback" in which an employee either (a) doesn't care to assist you or (b) doesn't have a knowledge base and/or they're new, thus they couldn't help you even if they truly wanted to. They simply lack the knowledge.
As a result, an extremely common tactic is to first, get rid of the customer asap. Then, they will have the customer believe that it's anyone else's fault who is remotely associated with the issue. These same techs do blind transfers to Apple & other businesses, so that the Apple tech has no time to gain information from the rep whatsoever to properly assist the customer and worse, the customer is now really confused as to why they got transferred with no intro, etc. These reps know Apple techs' goal is to resolve issues, and Apple reps are trained to be very direct with carriers in all things, including letting them know if they can assist somehow or if it's a carrier issue, bc they will not allow a customer to be thrown about all bc a rep is lazy and prefers to sell products & make commission, for example, vs dealing with a "problematic" customer, or bc the rep has no clue what you're even talking about. Two primary reasons a rep will do this to a customer...
Furtgermore, Apple techs will not take over a call if it is definitively a carrier issue and will have documentation to support such, as they know this is not helping the customer but instead, will only hurt and frustrate them more. Big no no....unacceptable.
If an Apple rep did this, knowingly or unknowingly, and tells a customer a carrier ruined a device or speaks negatively in pointing blame on the carrier for reasons such as the above or worse, begins to make up random info, they'll get walked out....literally.
Bottom line - You got tossed aside by your carrier, IF the rep did in fact state that. I see this every single day but i also come in contact with exceptional carrier techs. It upsets me when customers get pushback, as I've gotten loads of pushback by my carriers, other companies, etc through the years and I've fallen for it myself, which made me look like the fool and took way longer to get problems resolved than if I had pushed right back & calmly and simply stated I must speak with a tenured rep.
SIM cards are carrier related. Apple never touches them. Think about it.
No logic to what is in your statement.
A broken SIM tray? If so, even if you lie to Apple and state you did nothing to crack the tray, etc (which people do regularly with parts they damage, as we all know), they will still set up a repair for you vs blaming you.
You got played....no way I'd tolerate it and I don't now. I know who does what, I base my info on credible sources not by listening to negative info or miscellaneous info found via Google on the net, and I reach out until I get professional, knowledgeable assistance and/or counsel. If a business or a rep within refuses to assist me, or they are incapable of supporting me or don't feel a need to, I move on. I don't complain. I take my own steps that only I can control, including moving on to another product or company if it gets to that point. Issue resolved.
Handle it!