It used to be possible in iPhoto on iOS devices, but iPhoto is no longer compatible since iOS 8. And Photos can search for keywords that you add in Photos on a mac and sync with iCloud Photo Library, but it does not support to add keywords. You could try to annotate your photos with third-party apps, perhaps Meta Gear will do what you want:
MetaGear - metadata editor on the App Store
Photos will not show you the metadata you add, but you should be able to search for them.