Unfortunately I can't help as I have been having a similar problem...just hoping that more posts on this thread might lead to someone noticing and trying to do something
I have a mac mini late 2014, Os High Sierra 10.13.3. Up until a few months ago, my computer would occasionally wake from sleep and the screen would be shrunk, then I would open the settings, use the underscan drag bar to fix it, and was good to go for another few weeks. That was with an HP 25vx monitor. Then a few months ago the underscan ruler disappeared from settings, and sometimes I was able to fix it with my monitors built in settings, but not always. Now I have an ACER SA 230 and the problem is still happening.
The apple support website (About overscan and underscan on your Mac, Apple TV, or other display - Apple Support) shows "how to fix" this, except the image it shows includes the underscan ruler....which I no longer have on my computer - I find this moderately infuriating.