Using your PDF.
So here on my MacPro I have 4 versions of Mac OS X/ macOS.
The oldest Lion 10.7.5 renders your pdf perfectly well.
Next is El Capitan 10.11.6 which is blurred.
Next is Sierra 10.12.6 which is perfect.
High Sierra 10.13.1 is blurred.
A new clean install of High Sierra 10.13.1 no third party apps, extensions etc, Preview blurred.
If you Google Preview blurred in Yosemite, or El Capitan, Sierra and High Sierra you will see that it is a constant problem with various OS's over the years. I believe Mavericks was fine, Yosemite was never resolved, I was surprised to boot into El Capitan and find that the pdfs were blurred. Sierra was fixed so we can only hope that they will pay some attention to the issue in High Sierra, in the meantime don't hold you breath.
The only reason that I can give for a perceived increase in focus whilst in safe mode is that the display profile being used in safe mode has increased contrast and therefore gives the impression of the text being sharper.
In High Sierra when you zoom in to the document it renders fine but it is when you zoom out approx 125% and less that it gets blurry, in Sierra for example the document is rendered well in all zoomed windows.