Never, ever follow any link in any email, text or other message. You already know, or should know, how to independently login to and verify any and all online accounts you have. For your AppleID, that would be the secure web server at https://appleid.apple.com/
There is never any need to ever blindly trust any link sent to you with regard to your own online accounts. It is always best, if you feel the need to check, to follow your normal, standard login access and process for your own accounts. If there really was an issue with your AppleID, you could find out by checking it yourself.
Also, note that an AppleID is not tied to a telephone number at all. Yes, you link telephone numbers to it (just as you link secondary emails, devices, services) but the AppleID itself is only tied to a single piece of identification, which is the primary email address you use with it. AppleIDs also never expire, even if unused for years or decades.