I've been working with this problem more over the past week and came across what I think was the actual root cause to my problem. Don't know how this applies to anybody else, but was causing issues for me.
LONG STORY SHORT: Unplug anything extra you have connected to the computer (USB drives, external hard drives, etc.). For me it was an external hard drive that may be going bad that caused the problem.
Full story:
Since I thought it might have been something I installed that corrupted my system, I wanted to start from a clean slate before setting up anymore software. So I tried using one of my external hard drives to create a USB bootable drive for High Sierra so I could startup to that drive to macOS Utilities, erase my hard drive via Disk Utility, and then reinstall High Sierra from scratch.
I created the bootable drive, and then when trying to boot into it, macOS Utilities never loads! I then read a tip online about unplugging all peripherals and so I unplugged everything and tried to boot into recovery mode again, and this time it loads up no problem. So that indicated to me that the drive might be a problem. I got a separate USB flash drive and turned that into my external bootable drive, booted up into recovery mode no problem, and proceeded with the process of wiping my hard drive and reinstalling the OS again.
That was all successful. I decided to plug in all of my USB stuff again, everything came up, and then I shut down. Booting back up - SAME PROBLEM WITH THE PROGRESS BAR!!!
So I unplugged everything again and then tried to boot, and it came up no problem. I now have all my USB stuff plugged in with the exception of that one hard drive, and now after several reboots, everything is fine and dandy. So it's either the drive going bad, or according to my friend at Apple, a bad driver, controller, or firmware. Either way, running without this one drive attached is working fine for me, so if you have any peripherals connected, it could be an issue with how the computer is reading that device. This goes for USB devices, or anything plugged into any of the other ports. If you have something going into a port other than power, unplug it and see what happens!