Outlook is set as the default profile but iCloud won't recognize

This question was asked earlier, but it doesn't appear there was ever a real solution provided.

Issue: I was using Office/Outlook 2013 x64 on a 64 bit installation of Windows 10, along with iCloud. It worked perfectly. I upgraded to Outlook 2016, and now I cannot install iCloud into Outlook, as it keeps telling me there is no default profile set in Outlook. There is, however, a default profile set, which has been verified via Control Panel/Mail, and by Control Panel/Default Programs.

I have uninstalled Office 2016 multiple times, even to the point of doing it manually and removing all registry entries, all program files, etc. I have uninstalled iCloud multiple times, and reinstalled in different orders (i.e., Outlook first, then iCloud; iCloud first, then Outlook, etc.), still no go. I reverted back to Office 2013, still same error. I have tried earlier versions of iCloud, still same error. Note these are clean installs of Office, not upgrades as I did the first time. I have also tried both the x32 and x64 versions of Office 2016, neither made a difference.

Has ANYONE come up with a workable solution to this? I have searched the net for hours, and I've tried every solution proposed, but the problem persists. I really depend on using the iCloud calendar feature in Outlook, but for now, I'm having to use the iCloud web interface, which is not a good solution.