High Sierra does indeed have major issues with Time Machine. Especially on network targets.. so you are not alone.
It was bad on Sierra as well but the upgrade or update can make a difference.
Does anyone know if the backups are still there and there is a way to see them?
Open the Sparsebundle directly in Finder and see if you have the dates you expected.. don't modify it or anything.
You can also verify the backup if TM can detect it once it is mounted.
Frankly TM is now so unreliable we tell people to swap to using Carbon Copy Cloner or the like.. for network backup.. only use TM on local drives.
If you really want to try and get TM going again using the same backup you should reset TM.. which is complicated because Apple made no provision for it.
See.
Re: Time Capsule backing up one computer but not the other