apple id locked popup message on iphone locked screen

I was using my phone then left it on the side for like an hour, when I got it again, on my lock screen I had a popup message that said my apple id has been locked for security reasons, and it said to go to settings to login and fix it. I ignored it but then when I tried to download a free game it did not allow me and the message popped up again. This time I went to fix it and changed my password, I received a verification code that automatically got input it on the screen, then it told me to verify my payment info, which everything was already input it except the 3-digit security number of my card. I input it but now I'm worried if this popup message was from apple or if it's a phishing scam, and if it is, should I change my password again?

Thank you