When you are not looking at the phone and cover the front of it, the screen will blank under certain circumstances. Seems this may be a battery saving act. If you turn the phone face down, the screen will also not light up for any notifications, etc., unless you pick the phone up and then look at it. I believe that is part of the Attention Aware features, and that switch is available in the Settings>Face ID and Passcode section. Can be too sure, as I've never tried changing the setting on my device before. Also, if the phone rings, when you pick it up and then look at it, the screen will dim and the volume will automatically turn down, which is part of that Attention, since the phone "knows" that you are looking at it and it doesn't have to be that bright/or ringing loudly.
However, I just tested my iPhone X against what you are saying. I turned the phone on, then opened the calendar while the phone is lying on the table and wiped my hand all around the phone and it has not turned off at all. Check that one setting I mentioned and see if you have it on or off. Also, what setting do you have Auto-Lock on?
I cannot reproduce the steps you described in steps 1-5. My screen will not dim/turn off under those circumstances.