The phone number assigned to your account by your carrier has nothing to do with your AppleID and vice versa. However, beware that you will lose all content tied to the AppleID if you create a wholly new one. If all you wish to do is change the primary email address for yiur AppleID then follow the directions in Change your Apple ID - Apple Support
Purchases are permanently tied to the AppleID used when making the purchase. And the accounts you use for FaceTime, iMessage and iCloud are defined by the AppleID you use to login in with. If you create a new AppleID, you will be creating new accounts for all Apple services - your old content and information will not tranafter.
If you just change the primary email of your existing AppleID, then the account information follows that change and everything remains intact.
None if that however has anything at all to do with your cellular telephone service and number.