I have a similar problem here in Sweden. With my iPhone SE I can no longer automatically get the sound diverted to my SonyEricsson HCB-400 bluetooth handsfree in my car. (Yes, the BT unit is a bit old, but it works fine except for this particular problem, so I have no intention of replacing it anytime soon.) This problem started a few months ago with an 11.something software. I don't know exactly which one, since it took a little while before I understood what was happening. But it worked perfectly earlier, so I assume it was caused by an update.
I got incoming calls in my car but there was no sound. In fact, the sound was only coming through the phone itself (not even loudspeaker), which is why I did not hear it. I found out that after the conversation has started I can manually divert it to the bluetooth unit, but I have to do this every single time I receive a call. Unless I happen to have the phone in a mount on the dashboard it is nowadays illegal to do this while driving in my country.
An interesting thing is that it works perfectly with outgoing calls, but not with incoming ones.
Other bluetooth units, like my Plantronics Explorer 320 and Sony SBH80, work fine with the iPhone. My other phone (Samsung) works perfectly with all the above BT units.
I have tried resetting the BT unit, erasing and recreating all BT pairings, erasing network settings, restarting BT and phone, uppdating several times (currently 12.0.1) and most everything I can think of short of a complete factory reset (which I hesitate to do on my workphone – lots of settings and data there ... iCloud backups are fine, but ...).
This is, as mentioned, my workphone (no, my employer does not support this directly and I do not get to choose phone) and I really would need this function to work in my car on business trips.
So. Any suggestions? Can I hope for this to be fixed in any upcoming update?
And – honestly – why on Earth was the BT symbol at the top of the screen removed with iOS 12??? I miss it ...