This exactly thing happened to me too, starting about 3 months ago. I've been on the phone twice with Apple, including a senior tech advisor. No solution.
I personally think that Apple is trying to drive people to use their Cloud, but I'm not about to put sensitive and private information, such as my Contacts, on any cloud. I don't know who can access this data, or if it ever gets hacked.
If Facebook can get hacked multiple times in 2018, and our electrical grids and nuclear power plants can too, as well as Marriott and other corporate information systems, Apple's can too.
I hope Apple did not get rid of the syncing capability on iTunes, particularly on Contacts between the Mac and iPhone.
On the last call with Apple, I had to completely clear out my iPhone and reset it, per the advisor's suggestion. That took a while. The syncing now is only 1-way, where contacts I create in my iPhone now move to my Mac's Contact database, but not the other way around.
Very frustrating, as I use this for business, personal, etc.