UPDATE: My "solution" didn't solve anything. After reinstalling the OS on my original 2018 MBP (2.9Ghz with 560x GPU) the problem did come back. I returned that machine and bought an even more ridiculously expensive MBP (2.6ghz with Vega 20), and have experienced the same problem. I thought maybe it was bad hardware, or a GPU bug, but that seems unlikely since I've seen it on 2 machines with different GPU's. I think this points the finger at Mac OS Mojave. No surprise given the growing list of Mojave bugs I've compiled in the few short weeks I've been using it.
For me this seems to only happen when restarting with an external monitor attached via a hub. Anyone else? I'm hoping to try an HDMI to USBC cable (bypassing the hub) but I'm already $4k deep in this buggy thing and tired of bleeding money on it. When this black screen happens, try closing the lid and immediately reopening it. That has turned the screen on for both machines I've seen this bug on. It comes up in recovery mode, but you'll probably have to reset NVRAM anyway.