Thanks for the note, I definitely see the glitch.
I tried what you said, by adding the English US keyboard. My default keyboard is English Canada, which I’d prefer to keep.
When I add the En US keyboard, I can see the cents icon when I hold down the $ sign. When I have both US and Canadian Keyboards added, the cents sign appears as normal when holding down $ sign on both keyboards.
When I remove the US keyboard (I have no reason to have 2 En keyboards) the cents sign disappears from the Canadian keyboard. Seems like the glitch causes the cents sign to be removed if the US Keyboard is not added.
Hopefully Apple can update a fix for this.
I don’t need to use this symbol often, but at least I know the workaround to access it.